The Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Realm (1050-1300 Promotion) was a middle age Turkish Domain situated in focal Anatolia. The pastoralist Turks surpassed Asia Minor during the 1070's and controlled until 1300. The Seljuks left a rich verifiable heritage. They brought Turkic culture and Islam into Anatolia, and later transformed into the Ottoman Domain.
Beginnings
Seljuk Turks dive from the clan of Oghuz Turkish on the Focal Asian steppes. They were savage roaming fighters who battled with composite bows riding a horse. After they acknowledged Islam during the 900's, realms along the Silk Street welcomed these hired soldier warriors to assist with controlling productive shipping lanes. In the 1040's, the Oghuz Turks vanquished Persia and Baghdad to frame their own realm. Their chief, Toghrul Bey, become the "ruler" — defender, everything being equal. The domain was ethnically Turkish yet depended upon taught Persians to direct the realm and Muslim Bedouins to give strict authenticity.
Into Anatolia
In the 1060's, these Turks went after a debilitated Byzantine Realm in Eastern Anadolu. At the Clash of Manzikert (north of Lake Van) in 1071, the Turkish chief Arp-Arslan crushed the Byzantine ruler. This opened the entryway for Turkish pastoralists to enter and settle all of Anatolia.
Byzantine rulers readily invited the Turkish champions to assist them with battling a nationwide conflict, yet the Seljuk Turks immediately held onto urban communities for themselves. By 1081, Turkish clans controlled the greater part of the Anatolian level, getting fields ideal for their pastoralist way of life.
The domain was focused in Konya. This Anatolian Seljuk Domain is otherwise called the "Sultanate of Rum." The Arabic word rum was the verifiable name for the district of Focal Anatolia.
Crusaders and Christians
To retake Anatolia urban areas from the Seljuks, Byzantine rulers in Constantinople welcomed Western Europeans to battle against Muslims, an occasion known as The Campaigns. To raise up a multitude of Western knights, Pope Metropolitan II in Rome depended on manipulating through scare tactics and bigots figures of speech against "The Turks." All through the 1100's, the Seljuk Turks in Konya continually battled against Western Crusaders and Byzantine Rulers, yet they held control of the inside of Asia Minor. These consistent fights obliterated the Byzantine designs and organizations of Anatolia, subsequently establishing a climate positive for the Turks pastoralist and decentralized way of life. The Byzantine Domain had trusted the Turks would change over completely to Christianity like different tribesmen in the Balkans, however the Seljuk Turks kept up with their Islamic way of life as a country.
Byzantine Christians in Cappadocia, under the Seljuk rule, confronted different destinies. They would have escaped toward the west to Constantinople, stayed as a minority bunch, or switched over completely to Islam. Thus, the couple of cavern places of worship developed during this period — Karşı Kilise (Gülşehir), Kırk Damatlı Kilise (Ihlara), and Ağaçaltı Kilise (Soğanlı) — consolidate some Turkish craftsmanship styles.
The Destruction
The Seljuk Realm extended in the mid 1200's to the Mediterranean Ocean and Dark Ocean. Then, at that point, Mongol crowds attacked and annihilated the Center East. Numerous Persians and Middle Easterners escaped into Seljuk grounds to stay away from the feared Mongol armed force. This movement weakened the Seljuks social and political establishments. In the 1240's, the Mongols entered Anatolia, demolished the Turkish clans, and made the Seljuks a little vassal state. After this point, the Turkish clans of Anatolia crumbled into little emirates and beyliks. At last one Turkish clan of Osman joined the area, vanquished Constantinople, and laid out the Ottoman Realm.
Social Changes
The Seljuk Realm carried huge social changes to the district. Anatolia had been Christian for quite some time and Greek for quite a long time, however with the Seljuks, Anatolia became "Islamicized" and "Orientalized." This toward the east strict and social direction perseveres with the cutting edge province of Turkey. Semantically, the Turkish language supplanted Greek as the famous language also.
In the mid 1200's, the Seljuk fostered a high level political state. They welcomed numerous Persian and Middle Easterner pioneers into the legitimate, political, and strict framework. They likewise used neighborhood Greek Christian craftsmans to assemble amazing designs.
The rulers of Konya constructed a line of 100 caravansaries in Anatolia to work with exchange. A caravansary was a stone constructed royal residence with an enormous yard, intended to safeguard convoy dealers venturing to every part of the Silk Street. These protected, lavish designs were divided one day's movement separated and pulled in numerous vendors. The beneficial exchange permitted the Seljuks to foster business banking and metropolitan focuses.
The Muslim rulers of Konya changed over the Christian urban communities of Byzantium into Islamic metropolitan habitats. Seljuk mosques consolidated the floor plan of basilica holy places with Islamic building plan. The main issue of Seljuk urban areas was the instructive focus called medrese. These designs have enormous yards, two minarets, and porcelain tile improvements. Close to the medrese, Seljuk rulers fabricated public bathhouses (hamam) and soup kitchens (imarethane).
A Seljuk Turbe (Kayseri)
Religion in the Seljuk Realm was a neighborhood articulation of Islam. For instance, focal Turkey has more than 3,000 turbes, catacomb like grave burial places for famous strict figures. These journey locales extended Islam into the Seljuk open country.
The main strict figure of the Seljuk time frame was Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi (1207-73), a Sufi spiritualist writer from Persia who lived in the Seljuk capital of Konya. His demeanor of Islam accentuated individual supernatural quality, strict resilience, and heavenly solidarity. Rumi composed popular verse about his mysterious encounters and began an austere strict request known as the "spinning dervishes." This supernatural strict request coordinated conventional Turkish people moves and music into love. His huge entombment sanctuary (turbe) remains in the focal point of Konya, which stays a significant strict city in Turkey.
Heritage
Albeit the Seljuk Realm met its death around 1300, its social and strict changes keep on characterizing Anatolian district. The replacement conditions of the Ottoman Realm and the Turkish Republic are vigorously obliged — socially, monetarily, and strictly — to the Seljuk Domain.
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